3 results
DESAlert: Enabling Real-Time Transient Follow-Up with Dark Energy Survey Data
- A. Poci, K. Kuehn, T. Abbott, F. B. Abdalla, S. Allam, A.H. Bauer, A. Benoit-Lévy, E. Bertin, D. Brooks, P. J. Brown, E. Buckley-Geer, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, R. Covarrubias, L. N. da Costa, C. B. D’Andrea, D. L. DePoy, S. Desai, J. P. Dietrich, C. E Cunha, T. F. Eifler, J. Estrada, A. E. Evrard, A. Fausti Neto, D. A. Finley, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, J. Frieman, D. Gerdes, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, K. Honscheid, D. James, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, T. S. Li, M. March, J. Marshall, K. W. Merritt, C.J. Miller, R. C. Nichol, B. Nord, R. Ogando, A. A. Plazas, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. S. Rykoff, M. Sako, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, M. Schubnell, I. Sevilla, C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, J. Thaler, R. C. Thomas, D. Tucker, A. R. Walker, W. Wester, (The DES Collaboration)
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 33 / 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 September 2016, e049
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- Article
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The Dark Energy Survey is undertaking an observational programme imaging 1/4 of the southern hemisphere sky with unprecedented photometric accuracy. In the process of observing millions of faint stars and galaxies to constrain the parameters of the dark energy equation of state, the Dark Energy Survey will obtain pre-discovery images of the regions surrounding an estimated 100 gamma-ray bursts over 5 yr. Once gamma-ray bursts are detected by, e.g., the Swift satellite, the DES data will be extremely useful for follow-up observations by the transient astronomy community. We describe a recently-commissioned suite of software that listens continuously for automated notices of gamma-ray burst activity, collates information from archival DES data, and disseminates relevant data products back to the community in near-real-time. Of particular importance are the opportunities that non-public DES data provide for relative photometry of the optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts, as well as for identifying key characteristics (e.g., photometric redshifts) of potential gamma-ray burst host galaxies. We provide the functional details of the DESAlert software, and its data products, and we show sample results from the application of DESAlert to numerous previously detected gamma-ray bursts, including the possible identification of several heretofore unknown gamma-ray burst hosts.
38 - Bone Complications of Myeloma and Lymphoma
- from PART II - CLINICAL RESEARCH
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- By G. David Roodman, University of Pittsburgh, United States
- Edited by David Lyden, Danny R. Welch, Bethan Psaila
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- Book:
- Cancer Metastasis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 25 April 2011, pp 417-424
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Summary
OVERVIEW OF MYELOMA BONE DISEASE
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common cancer to involve bone, with up to 90 percent of patients developing bone lesions [1]. The bone lesions are purely osteolytic in nature and do not heal in the vast majority of patients. Up to 60 percent of patients develop pathologic fractures over the course of their disease [2]. Bone disease is a hallmark of MM, and myeloma bone disease differs from bone metastasis caused by other tumors. Although myeloma and other osteolytic metastases induce increased osteoclastic bone destruction, in contrast with other tumors, once myeloma tumor burden exceeds 50 percent in a local area, osteoblast activity is either severely depressed or absent [3]. The basis for this severe imbalance between increased osteoclastic bone resorption and decreased bone formation is currently a topic of intensive investigation.
The clinical and economic impact of myeloma bone disease in patients with myeloma can be catastrophic. Saad and coworkers [4] retrospectively assessed the impact of pathologic fractures on survival of patients with malignant disease. Patients with myeloma had the highest incidence of fracture (43%) compared with patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, respectively. Myeloma patients who experienced pathologic fractures had at least a 20 percent increased risk of death compared with myeloma patients without pathologic fractures. Further, patients who had a prior skeletal-related event, which included pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression syndrome, surgery to bone, or radiation therapy to bone, were more likely to develop new pathologic fractures as compared with patients who did not have a prior skeletal-related event.
6 - DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MYELOMA BONE DISEASE
- Edited by S. Vincent Rajkumar, Robert A. Kyle
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- Book:
- Treatment of Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders
- Published online:
- 11 July 2009
- Print publication:
- 27 October 2008, pp 64-75
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common cancer to metastasize to bone, with up to 90% of patients developing bone lesions. The bone lesions are purely osteolytic in nature and do not heal in the vast majority of patients. Up to 60% of patients develop pathological fractures over the course of their disease. Bone disease is a hallmark of MM, and myeloma bone disease differs from bone metastasis caused by other tumors. Although myeloma and other osteolytic metastases induce increased osteoclastic bone destruction, in contrast to other tumors, once myeloma tumor burden exceeds 50% in a local area, osteoblast activity is either severely depressed or absent. The basis for this severe imbalance between increased osteoclastic bone resorption and decreased bone formation has been the topic of intensive investigation over the past several years. These studies have helped to identify novel targets for treating myeloma bone disease and are discussed subsequently in this chapter.
The clinical and economic impact of myeloma bone disease in patients with myeloma can be catastrophic. Saad and coworkers retrospectively evaluated data from patients on the control arms of randomized trials of zoledronic acid to assess the impact of pathological fractures on survival of patients with malignant disease. A total of 3049 patients with metastatic bone disease were included in this study, of which 513 had myeloma. Patients with myeloma had the highest incidence of fracture (43%) over the 21 months of the study compared to patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer.